Sigh.
I guess I should have expected it, seeing as how it's nothing new. I write a piece on racism and white privilege (namely, the recently viral
This
is Your Nation on White Privilege), lots of folks read it, many of them like
it, and others e-mail me in fits of apoplexy, or post scathing critiques on
message boards in which they invite me to die, to perform various sexual acts
upon myself that I feel confident are impossible, or, best of all, to "go live
in the ghetto," whereupon I will come to "truly appreciate the animals" for whom
I have so much affection (the phrase they use for me and that affection, of
course, sounds a bit different, and I'll leave it to your imagination to conjure
the quip yourself).
Though I have no desire to debate the points made in the
original piece, I would like to address some of the more glaring, and yet reasonable, misunderstandings that many seem to have about the subject of white privilege. That many white folks don't take well to the term is an understatement, and quite understandable. For those of us in the dominant group, the notion that we may receive certain advantages generally not received by others is a jarring, sometimes maddening concept. And if we don't understand what the term means, and what those who use it mean as they deploy it, our misunderstandings can generate anger and heat, where really, none is called for. So let me take this opportunity to explain what I mean by white privilege.
Of course, the original piece only mentioned examples of white privilege that were
directly implicated in the current presidential campaign. It made no claims
beyond that. Yet many who wrote to me took issue with the notion that there was
such a thing, arguing, for instance that there are lots of poor white people who
have no privilege, and many folks of color who are wealthy, who do. But what
this argument misses is that race and class privilege are not the same
thing.Though we are used to thinking of privilege as a mere monetary issue, it
is more than that. Yes, there are rich black and brown folks, but even they are
subject to racial profiling and stereotyping (especially because those who
encounter them often don't know they're rich and so view them as decidedly not),
as well as bias in mortgage lending, and unequal treatment in schools. So, for
instance, even the children of well-off black families are more likely to be
suspended or expelled from school than the children of poor whites, and this is
true despite the fact that there is no statistically significant difference in
the rates of serious school rule infractions between white kids or black kids
that could justify the disparity (according to fourteen different studies
examined by Russ Skiba at Indiana University).
As for poor whites, though they certainly are suffering economically, this doesn't mean they lack racial privilege. I grew up in a very modest apartment, and economically was far from privileged. Yet I received better treatment in school (placement in advanced track classes even when I wasn't a good student), better treatment by law enforcement officers, and indeed more job opportunities because of connections I was able to take advantage of, that were pretty much unavailable to the folks of color I knew growing up. Likewise, low income whites everywhere are able to clean up, go to a job interview and be seen as just another white person,
whereas a person of color, even who isn't low-income, has to wonder whether or
not they might trip some negative stereotype about their group when they go for
an interview or sit in the classroom answering questions from the teacher. Oh,
and not to put too fine a point on it, but even low-income whites are more
likely to own their own home than middle income black families, thanks to past
advantages in housing and asset accumulation, which has allowed those whites to
receive a small piece of property from their families.
The point is, privilege is as much a psychological matter as a material one. Whites have the luxury of not having to worry that our race is going to mark us negatively when looking for work, going to school, shopping, looking for a place to live, or
driving for that matter: things that folks of color can't take for granted.
Let me share an analogy to make the point.Taking things out of
the racial context for a minute: imagine persons who are able bodied, as opposed
to those with disabilities. If I were to say that able-bodied persons have certain advantages, certain privileges if you will, which disabled persons do not, who would argue the point? I imagine that no one would. It's too obvious, right? To be disabled is to face numerous obstacles. And although many persons with disabilities overcome those obstacles, this fact doesn't take away from the fact that they exist. Likewise, that persons with disabilities can and do overcome obstacles every day, doesn't deny that those of us who are able-bodied have an edge. We have one less thing to think and worry about as we enter a building, go to a workplace, or just try and navigate the contours of daily life. The fact that there are lots of able-bodied people who are poor, and some disabled folks who are rich, doesn't alter the general rule: on balance, it pays to be able-bodied.
That's all I'm saying about white privilege: on balance, it pays to be a member of the dominant racial group. It doesn't mean that a white person will get everything they want in life, or win every competition, but it does mean that there are general advantages that we receive.
So, for instance, studies have found that job applicants with white sounding names are 50% more likely to receive a call-back for a job interview than applicants with
black-sounding names, even when all job-related qualifications and credentials
are the same.Other studies have found that white men with a criminal record
are more likely to get a call-back for an interview than black male job
applicants who don't have one, even when all requisite qualifications, demeanor
and communication styles are the same.
Others have found that white women are far more likely than black women to be hired for work through temporary agencies, even when the black women have more experience and are more qualified.Evidence from housing markets has found that there are about two million cases of race-based discrimination against people of color every year in the United States. That's not just bad for folks of color; the flipside is that there are, as a result, millions more places I can live as a white person.