Soap and keeping everything clean and sterile, especially in medicine.
The reason being, it saved lives to learn to be clean. Childbirth used to be the biggest risk to a woman's life for hundreds of years. And while part of that was not fully understanding it as we do today, a bigger part of it was it being so unhygienic. As soon as hygienic measures were introduced, the amount of women dying from puerperal fever went down.
And it's not just childbirth that soap had a major impact, all medical procedures have benefited from the use of being clean via soap and other cleaning agents.
The reason being, it saved lives to learn to be clean. Childbirth used to be the biggest risk to a woman's life for hundreds of years. And while part of that was not fully understanding it as we do today, a bigger part of it was it being so unhygienic. As soon as hygienic measures were introduced, the amount of women dying from puerperal fever went down.
Wikipedia said:Semmelweis began experimenting with various cleansing agents and, from May 1847, ordered all doctors and students working in the First Division wash their hands in chlorinated lime solution before starting ward work, and later before each vaginal examination. The mortality rate from puerperal fever in the division fell from 18% in May 1847 to less than 3% in June–November of the same year
And it's not just childbirth that soap had a major impact, all medical procedures have benefited from the use of being clean via soap and other cleaning agents.