Bali climate talks head toward deal, official says
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Peter Parka
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Bali deal 'omits specific cuts'
Negotiators at the climate change conference in Bali have secured provisional agreement on a document on cutting greenhouse gas emissions. The document launches talks that will end in 2009, but - as demanded by the United States - it lacks specific mention of targets for emission cuts.
The EU wanted to commit rich nations to specified emissions cuts, but the US, Canada and Japan were opposed.
Some developing countries say they are being pressurised to curb emissions.
Final discussions continued into Saturday - a day after the conference was due to end.
A draft decision had been reached, but still needed to be approved by a full meeting of all the negotiating teams, says the BBC's Matt McGrath in Bali.
Portuguese environment official Humberto Rosa, representing the European Union, spoke of a "good cooperative atmosphere".
"A compromise... was elaborated with the engagement of all the parties," Mr Rosa told the Associated Press news agency.
UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon - who flew back to Bali on an unscheduled detour - said that the fact a 2009 deadline had been agreed was "encouraging".
Ambiguous
The key aim of the summit is to set negotiations in train that will eventually lead to a successor to the Kyoto Protocol. Its first targets for reducing emissions expire in 2012.
EU negotiators wanted this "Bali roadmap" to contain a commitment that industrialised nations will cut their emissions by 25-40% compared to 1990 levels by 2020.
But this has been replaced by a footnote that simply references the figures, our correspondent says.
Nor is there any mention of the need for emissions to peak in the next 10 to15 years or for them to be halved by 2050.
On the issue causing most concern to the United States - the issue of mandatory emissions cuts - the text is highly ambiguous.
It requires developed nations to support nationally appropriate commitments or actions - a favoured US expression.
But it says this may include quantified emissions limitations objectives - in other words mandatory cuts, says our correspondent.
The nature of this text could allow a new US administration to sign up for legally binding limits at the end of this process in 2009.
Environmental groups and some delegates have criticised the draft as being weak and a missed opportunity.
Some developing country delegates complained they had been put under "strong pressure" to curb their emissions, according to Munir Akram, UN ambassador for Pakistan who chairs the G-77 bloc of nations.
Mr Munir hinted that "threats" had come in the form of trade sanctions.
But the US Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, Kurt Volker, defended the US reluctance to agree to specific emissions reductions targets.
"It's one thing to put out a number, it's another to have the policies in place" to enable all countries to plan beyond the 2012 Kyoto targets, he told the BBC's Newsnight programme.
'Good climate'
Away from the issue of emissions cuts, provisional agreement was reached on several ingredients of the Bali roadmap, including paying poorer countries to protect their forests.
This is widely acknowledged as the cheapest single way of curbing climate change, and brings benefits in other environmental areas such as biodiversity and fresh water conservation.
Delegates agreed on a framework that could allow richer nations and companies to earn "carbon credits" by paying for forest protection in developing countries.
"We need to find a new mechanism that values standing forests," said Andrew Mitchell, executive director of the Global Canopy Programme, an alliance of research institutions.
"Ultimately, if this does its job, [deforestation] goes down to nothing."
Mr Mitchell said the only feasible source of sufficient funds was a global carbon market.
But many economists believe mandatory emissions targets are needed to create a meaningful global market.
'Out of step'
Environmental groups sought to maintain pressure on the US as the talks overran their scheduled end.
"The Bush administration is well out of step with the American population, and increasingly out of step with US business," Chris Miller of Greenpeace told BBC News.
"It's our hope that Europe, developing countries, China and the G-77 stay strong and keep up the pressure on the Bush administration."
The US is the world's biggest emitter of greenhouse gases, and most parties recognise that climate change talks without it would be meaningless.
Story from BBC NEWS:
Negotiators at the climate change conference in Bali have secured provisional agreement on a document on cutting greenhouse gas emissions. The document launches talks that will end in 2009, but - as demanded by the United States - it lacks specific mention of targets for emission cuts.
The EU wanted to commit rich nations to specified emissions cuts, but the US, Canada and Japan were opposed.
Some developing countries say they are being pressurised to curb emissions.
Final discussions continued into Saturday - a day after the conference was due to end.
A draft decision had been reached, but still needed to be approved by a full meeting of all the negotiating teams, says the BBC's Matt McGrath in Bali.
Portuguese environment official Humberto Rosa, representing the European Union, spoke of a "good cooperative atmosphere".
"A compromise... was elaborated with the engagement of all the parties," Mr Rosa told the Associated Press news agency.
UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon - who flew back to Bali on an unscheduled detour - said that the fact a 2009 deadline had been agreed was "encouraging".
Ambiguous
The key aim of the summit is to set negotiations in train that will eventually lead to a successor to the Kyoto Protocol. Its first targets for reducing emissions expire in 2012.
EU negotiators wanted this "Bali roadmap" to contain a commitment that industrialised nations will cut their emissions by 25-40% compared to 1990 levels by 2020.
But this has been replaced by a footnote that simply references the figures, our correspondent says.
Nor is there any mention of the need for emissions to peak in the next 10 to15 years or for them to be halved by 2050.
On the issue causing most concern to the United States - the issue of mandatory emissions cuts - the text is highly ambiguous.
It requires developed nations to support nationally appropriate commitments or actions - a favoured US expression.
But it says this may include quantified emissions limitations objectives - in other words mandatory cuts, says our correspondent.
The nature of this text could allow a new US administration to sign up for legally binding limits at the end of this process in 2009.
Environmental groups and some delegates have criticised the draft as being weak and a missed opportunity.
Some developing country delegates complained they had been put under "strong pressure" to curb their emissions, according to Munir Akram, UN ambassador for Pakistan who chairs the G-77 bloc of nations.
Mr Munir hinted that "threats" had come in the form of trade sanctions.
But the US Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, Kurt Volker, defended the US reluctance to agree to specific emissions reductions targets.
"It's one thing to put out a number, it's another to have the policies in place" to enable all countries to plan beyond the 2012 Kyoto targets, he told the BBC's Newsnight programme.
'Good climate'
Away from the issue of emissions cuts, provisional agreement was reached on several ingredients of the Bali roadmap, including paying poorer countries to protect their forests.
This is widely acknowledged as the cheapest single way of curbing climate change, and brings benefits in other environmental areas such as biodiversity and fresh water conservation.
Delegates agreed on a framework that could allow richer nations and companies to earn "carbon credits" by paying for forest protection in developing countries.
"We need to find a new mechanism that values standing forests," said Andrew Mitchell, executive director of the Global Canopy Programme, an alliance of research institutions.
"Ultimately, if this does its job, [deforestation] goes down to nothing."
Mr Mitchell said the only feasible source of sufficient funds was a global carbon market.
But many economists believe mandatory emissions targets are needed to create a meaningful global market.
'Out of step'
Environmental groups sought to maintain pressure on the US as the talks overran their scheduled end.
"The Bush administration is well out of step with the American population, and increasingly out of step with US business," Chris Miller of Greenpeace told BBC News.
"It's our hope that Europe, developing countries, China and the G-77 stay strong and keep up the pressure on the Bush administration."
The US is the world's biggest emitter of greenhouse gases, and most parties recognise that climate change talks without it would be meaningless.
Story from BBC NEWS:
Peter Parka
Well-Known Member
Climate deal sealed by US U-turn
Delegates at the UN summit in Bali have agreed a deal on curbing climate change after days of bitter wrangling. Agreement was reached after a U-turn from the US, which had wanted firmer commitments from developing countries.
Earlier, the EU and US agreed that industrialised countries would not set firm emissions targets at this stage.
The "Bali roadmap" initiates a two-year process of negotiations designed to agree a new set of emissions targets to replace those in the Kyoto Protocol.
"I think we have come a long way here," said Paula Dobriansky, head of the US delegation.
"In this, the United States is very committed to this effort and just wants to really ensure we all act together."
Dramatic scenes
The US acceptance came just minutes after it had signalled it would reject the compromise, a statement that drew boos from delegates in the conference hall.
The EU had earlier thrashed out the compromise text with developing countries including China. They had complained that language on reducing their emissions was too strong, and would commit them to measures that could retard their economic development.
They also wanted the West to pledge more action on transferring clean technology to developing societies.
Observers spoke of emotional scenes in the conference hall - the UN's top climate official Yvo de Boer in tears after being accused by China of procedural irregularities, and cheers and hugs when the US indicated its acceptance.
"This is a real breakthrough, a real opportunity for the international community to successfully fight climate change," said Indonesian Environment Minister Rachmat Witoelar, who served as conference president.
"Parties have recognised the urgency of action on climate change and have now provided the political response to what scientists have been telling us is needed."
Talks have been intense, and the meeting has run more than a day beyond its scheduled close, with several night-time sessions.
On the road
The document coming out of the meeting, the "Bali roadmap", contains text on emissions cuts, the transfer of clean technology to developing countries, halting deforestation and helping poorer nations protect their economies and societies against impacts of climate change such as rising sea levels and falling crop yields.
The roadmap sets the parameters and aims for a further set of negotiations to be finalised by the 2009 UN climate conference, to be held in Denmark.
By that stage, parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Kyoto Protocol should have agreed a comprehensive plan for curbing global warming and adapting to its impacts.
This will include firm emissions targets for industrialised countries to replace those in the Kyoto Protocol which expire in 2012, some softer form of targets or ambitions for major developing countries, and mechanisms for leveraging funds from carbon trading to protect forests and fund adaptation projects.
The EU came to the talks demanding that industrialised nations commit to cuts of 25-40% by 2020, a bid that was implacably opposed by a bloc containing the US, Canada and Japan.
This dispute was resolved with a text that did not mention specific emissions targets but did acknowledge that "deep cuts in global emissions will be required to achieve the ultimate objective".
Environmental groups and some delegates have criticised the draft as being weak and a missed opportunity.
France's Deputy Ecology Minister Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet acknowledged the deal amounted to far less than the EU had wanted.
But, she told the AFP news agency: "The public can understand that we brought the United States into the negotiations.
"It's a framework that is quite weak but which still moves forward."
Story from BBC NEWS:
Delegates at the UN summit in Bali have agreed a deal on curbing climate change after days of bitter wrangling. Agreement was reached after a U-turn from the US, which had wanted firmer commitments from developing countries.
Earlier, the EU and US agreed that industrialised countries would not set firm emissions targets at this stage.
The "Bali roadmap" initiates a two-year process of negotiations designed to agree a new set of emissions targets to replace those in the Kyoto Protocol.
"I think we have come a long way here," said Paula Dobriansky, head of the US delegation.
"In this, the United States is very committed to this effort and just wants to really ensure we all act together."
Dramatic scenes
The US acceptance came just minutes after it had signalled it would reject the compromise, a statement that drew boos from delegates in the conference hall.
The EU had earlier thrashed out the compromise text with developing countries including China. They had complained that language on reducing their emissions was too strong, and would commit them to measures that could retard their economic development.
They also wanted the West to pledge more action on transferring clean technology to developing societies.
Observers spoke of emotional scenes in the conference hall - the UN's top climate official Yvo de Boer in tears after being accused by China of procedural irregularities, and cheers and hugs when the US indicated its acceptance.
"This is a real breakthrough, a real opportunity for the international community to successfully fight climate change," said Indonesian Environment Minister Rachmat Witoelar, who served as conference president.
"Parties have recognised the urgency of action on climate change and have now provided the political response to what scientists have been telling us is needed."
Talks have been intense, and the meeting has run more than a day beyond its scheduled close, with several night-time sessions.
On the road
The document coming out of the meeting, the "Bali roadmap", contains text on emissions cuts, the transfer of clean technology to developing countries, halting deforestation and helping poorer nations protect their economies and societies against impacts of climate change such as rising sea levels and falling crop yields.
The roadmap sets the parameters and aims for a further set of negotiations to be finalised by the 2009 UN climate conference, to be held in Denmark.
By that stage, parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Kyoto Protocol should have agreed a comprehensive plan for curbing global warming and adapting to its impacts.
This will include firm emissions targets for industrialised countries to replace those in the Kyoto Protocol which expire in 2012, some softer form of targets or ambitions for major developing countries, and mechanisms for leveraging funds from carbon trading to protect forests and fund adaptation projects.
The EU came to the talks demanding that industrialised nations commit to cuts of 25-40% by 2020, a bid that was implacably opposed by a bloc containing the US, Canada and Japan.
This dispute was resolved with a text that did not mention specific emissions targets but did acknowledge that "deep cuts in global emissions will be required to achieve the ultimate objective".
Environmental groups and some delegates have criticised the draft as being weak and a missed opportunity.
France's Deputy Ecology Minister Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet acknowledged the deal amounted to far less than the EU had wanted.
But, she told the AFP news agency: "The public can understand that we brought the United States into the negotiations.
"It's a framework that is quite weak but which still moves forward."
Story from BBC NEWS:
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